Intracranial subdural hematoma is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood between the covering layers of the brain (dura mater) and the brain itself. It occurs as a result of traumatic head injuries, causing blood vessels to rupture, leading to the leakage of blood and subsequent formation of a hematoma.
Intracranial subdural hematoma can be classified into acute, subacute, or chronic, depending on the time elapsed since the initial injury. An acute hematoma occurs within the first 72 hours, a subacute hematoma occurs within 3 days to 3 weeks, and a chronic hematoma develops after 3 weeks.
Typical symptoms of an intracranial subdural hematoma include a gradual onset of severe headache, confusion, drowsiness, weakness, and neurological deficits such as changes in speech or mobility. As the hematoma expands, it causes increased pressure within the skull, which can lead to further neurological deterioration, seizures, coma, or even death if left untreated.
Diagnosis of intracranial subdural hematoma is usually made through imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment often involves surgical intervention to evacuate the accumulated blood and relieve the pressure on the brain. In some cases, a less severe hematoma may be managed conservatively with close monitoring and bed rest.
Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for a positive outcome in patients with intracranial subdural hematoma. Early treatment can help prevent further brain damage and improve overall prognosis, although recovery can vary depending on the size and location of the hematoma, as well as the patient's individual health factors.
