Giant Cell Aortitis, also known as aortitis or giant cell arteritis, is a rare inflammatory condition that affects the large blood vessels, specifically the aorta and its branches. It is characterized by the infiltration of giant cells, immune cells, and an increased number of white blood cells into the walls of the blood vessels, resulting in their inflammation and damage.
The exact cause of Giant Cell Aortitis is unknown, but it is believed to have an autoimmune component, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the healthy tissues of the blood vessels. It predominantly occurs in individuals over the age of 50, with women being more commonly affected than men.
Common symptoms of Giant Cell Aortitis include severe headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, fever, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, muscle pain, and stiffness, especially in the neck, shoulder, and hip regions. If left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, such as aortic aneurysm, and may even result in aortic rupture.
Diagnosis of Giant Cell Aortitis involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, blood tests to check for inflammation markers, and imaging tests, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment typically involves the administration of high-dose steroid medications, which help reduce inflammation and minimize vessel damage. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are essential to assess the progression of the disease and adjust the medication dosage accordingly.
