Cadmium poisoning refers to the harmful and toxic effects caused by the accumulation of excessive amounts of cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal, in the body. Cadmium is a naturally occurring element and is commonly found in the environment, including soil and water sources, but it is primarily released into the environment through various industrial processes, such as mining, smelting, and battery manufacturing.
Exposure to cadmium, either through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, can lead to its absorption and subsequent accumulation in the body, particularly in the liver and kidneys. Cadmium poisoning can result from acute or chronic exposure, with chronic exposure being more common due to its slow elimination from the body.
Symptoms of cadmium poisoning depend on the duration and level of exposure but often include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, muscle cramps, and general weakness. Prolonged exposure to cadmium can lead to severe effects on various organ systems, such as kidney damage, lung damage, bone disease, and an increased risk of certain cancers, including lung and prostate cancer.
Prevention of cadmium poisoning involves minimizing exposure to cadmium-containing substances, proper ventilation in work environments, using personal protective equipment, and practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly after handling potentially contaminated materials. Treatment for cadmium poisoning may involve chelation therapy, which involves the administration of substances that bind to and help eliminate cadmium from the body.
