Bipolar affective disorder, also known as bipolar disorder, is a chronic mental illness that affects an individual's mood and energy levels. It is characterized by periods of extreme highs, known as mania or hypomania, and periods of extreme lows, known as depression. These mood swings can occur in episodes, with varying lengths of time, intensity, and frequency.
During a manic episode, individuals with bipolar affective disorder may experience an elevated mood, increased energy levels, irritable and aggressive behavior, racing thoughts, and a decreased need for sleep. They may also engage in impulsive and risky behaviors such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or promiscuous behavior. In contrast, during depressive episodes, individuals may feel overwhelming sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.
Bipolar affective disorder is a complex condition with various types, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It can have a significant impact on an individual's personal relationships, work, and overall quality of life. The exact cause of bipolar affective disorder is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors.
Treatment for bipolar affective disorder usually includes a combination of medication, such as mood stabilizers, and psychotherapy. With proper management, individuals with this disorder can live fulfilling and productive lives. Regular psychiatric evaluation and therapy sessions are crucial to monitor symptoms, manage stress, and prevent relapses.
